Guia de Mudança
Mudar-se de Estados Unidos para Espanha
Americans moving to Spain mostly use the digital nomad visa while keeping a US employer or clients, or the non-lucrative visa in retirement. What is different from the US: you apply at the Spanish consulate that covers your state, your FBI background check needs a federal apostille, and the US keeps taxing you as a citizen wherever you live.
Atualizado em 1 de outubro de 2026
Resposta rápida
US citizens can move to Spain on the digital nomad visa (200% of the Spanish minimum wage from non-Spanish work) or the non-lucrative visa (€28,800 a year in funds). Apply at the Spanish consulate with jurisdiction over your state, get an FBI Identity History Summary apostilled by the US Department of State, and keep filing US tax returns: the US taxes citizens abroad.
Em 1 de outubro de 2026
| Fato | Detalhe |
|---|---|
| Visitas curtas | Sem visto para visitas até 90 dias em 180 (o ETIAS aplicar-se-á quando entrar em funcionamento)Fonte · verificado em 2 de outubro de 2026 |
| Marcações de visto | Confirmamos isto para o seu caso |
| Documentos | Aceita-se a apostila: o seu país faz parte da Convenção da HaiaFonte · verificado em 2 de outubro de 2026 |
| Convenção de dupla tributação | Existe uma convenção abrangente sobre o rendimento em vigorFonte · verificado em 2 de outubro de 2026 |
| Dupla nacionalidade | Confirmamos isto para o seu caso |
| Mínimo | 200% of the Spanish minimum wage (SMI) a month, plus 75% of the SMI for the first family member and 25% for each further oneFonte |
O que muda a partir de Estados Unidos
Your consulate depends on your state
Spain has several consulates general in the US, each covering specific states. You apply at the one for the state where you live, and some use an outsourced visa centre.
FBI check with a federal apostille
The criminal record certificate is an FBI Identity History Summary. Because it is a federal document, the apostille comes from the US Department of State, not a state secretary of state. Allow for processing time.
Citizenship-based taxation
The US taxes citizens on worldwide income wherever they live. Spain will also tax you once you are resident. The US–Spain tax treaty, foreign tax credits and the foreign earned income exclusion help avoid double tax, and FBAR and FATCA reporting continue.
Social security agreement
The US and Spain have a totalization agreement, which can stop you paying social security in both countries for the same work and lets credits count towards benefits.
Vias abertas para si
Os valores são mínimos legais de fontes oficiais. As taxas oficiais são estimativas e mudam; os nossos honorários são orçamentados para o seu caso.
Digital nomad visa (international teleworking)
Remote employees and freelancers working mainly for clients or employers outside Spain.
- Mínimo
- 200% of the Spanish minimum wage (SMI) a month, plus 75% of the SMI for the first family member and 25% for each further one
Non-lucrative residence visa
People with savings or passive income who will not work in Spain.
- Mínimo
- €28,800 a year (400% IPREM), plus €7,200 per dependant
Não sabe que via lhe convém?
Um consultor verifica a sua elegibilidade a partir de Estados Unidos e responde num dia útil.
Passo a passo a partir de Estados Unidos
Pick the route
Digital nomad if you keep working for a US employer or foreign clients; non-lucrative if you will live on savings, pensions or investments.
Order the FBI check early
Request the FBI Identity History Summary, then the federal apostille, and have it translated by a sworn translator.
Prepare income and insurance
Contracts, three months of history, bank statements and Spanish-valid private health insurance with no co-payments.
Apply at your consulate
Book the national visa appointment at the Spanish consulate for your state. Digital nomad applicants already in Spain legally can apply to the UGE online.
Settle in Spain
Register your address, collect your TIE and get Spanish tax and social security numbers.
Documentos e legalização
Apostile em Estados Unidos os documentos públicos (certidões de nascimento e casamento, antecedentes criminais, diplomas) e traduza-os com tradutor certificado quando o destino o exigir.
Normalmente precisa de um certificado de antecedentes criminais de Estados Unidos e de qualquer outro país onde tenha vivido recentemente.
Onde pedir
Apply at the Spanish consulate responsible for your place of legal residence, or (digital nomad route) online through the UGE from inside Spain while you are there legally.
Impostos: o que verificar antes de se mudar
Convenção de dupla tributação: Existe uma convenção abrangente sobre o rendimento em vigor Listed on the Spanish Ministry of Finance treaty list (BOE 23/10/2019 (protocol)).
Informação geral, não aconselhamento fiscal. Os pontos fiscais desta página aguardam revisão por um especialista.
Fontes e revisão
Última atualização: 1 de outubro de 2026
- Spain UGE: international teleworkers (digital nomad) residence
- Spain Ministry of Foreign Affairs: visas
- FBI: Identity History Summary checks
- US Department of State: authentications (apostilles for federal documents)
- IRS: US citizens and resident aliens abroad
- US Social Security: international agreements
Partes desta página aguardam revisão pela nossa equipe jurídica; confirmamos cada ponto para o seu caso antes do pedido.
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Frequently asked questions
Can Americans work remotely for a US company from Spain?
Yes, on the digital nomad visa, as long as Spanish clients make up no more than 20% of your work. Your employer must accept you working from Spain.
Which Spanish consulate do I apply to?
The consulate general whose district includes the state where you legally live.
Will I pay tax in both the US and Spain?
Both countries can tax you, but the tax treaty and US foreign tax credits are designed to prevent paying twice on the same income. Take advice from a cross-border tax specialist.
Do I need a visa to visit Spain first?
No. US citizens can visit for up to 90 days in any 180 without a visa. ETIAS pre-registration will apply once the EU launches it.
Which route suits me best?
It depends on your goal: living in the country, a second passport, tax planning or a base for your family. The routes on this page are ranked by fit for people moving from your country.
How long does it take to move?
Timelines depend on the route, the completeness of your file and government processing. Each programme page shows its published processing range.
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